Saudi Aramco, often known as the Saudi Arabian Oil Group or just Aramco, is a publicly traded Saudi Arabian oil and gas business with its headquarters in Dhahran. It ranks among the top firms in the world by revenue as of 2022 and consistently posts the highest annual profits in the annals of global business. With more than 270 billion barrels (43 billion cubic meters) of known reserves, Saudi Aramco has the second-largest crude oil production per day among all oil-producing enterprises.

The Master Gas System, the largest hydrocarbon network in the world, is run by Saudi Aramco. It administers more than 100 oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia, including 288.4 trillion standard cubic feet (scf) of natural gas reserves. In 2013, the total amount of crude oil produced was 3.4 billion barrels (540 million cubic meters). The Ghawar Field, the largest onshore oil field in the world, and the Safaniya Field, the largest offshore oil field, are two of Saudi Aramco's most notable operations along the Eastern Province.

The company's shares started trading on the Tadawul stock exchange on December 11, 2019. The market capitalization of the shares increased to 35.2 Saudi riyals, or approximately US$1.88 trillion, on the second trading day, surpassing the US$2 trillion threshold. Saudi Aramco was placed as the third-largest public business in the world in the 2022 Forbes Global 2000.

Founded: 29 May 1933
Headquarters: Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Website: https://www.aramco.com/

The largest direct successor of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil is the American global oil and gas company ExxonMobil Corporation. Vertically integrated across the whole oil and gas sector, the firm, which adopted its current name in 1999 as a result of Exxon and Mobil's merger, also includes a chemicals section that makes plastic, synthetic rubber, and other chemical products. Although ExxonMobil was formally incorporated in New Jersey, its headquarters are located in the Houston neighborhood of Spring.

ExxonMobil's history may be traced back to 1866 and the founding of the Vacuum Oil Company, which Standard Oil later purchased. The Standard Oil firm of New Jersey, sometimes known as Jersey Standard or just Standard Oil, was the corporate body that, prior to its division, held complete control over Standard Oil and gave rise to the firm now known as ExxonMobil. The Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony), another descendant of Standard Oil, and Jersey Standard grew together and in close partnership as they both expanded through mergers with various third parties, including Humble Oil (which merged with Jersey Standard) and Vacuum Oil (which merged with Socony).

In the 1960s and early 1970s, both businesses underwent rebranding, and by the time of the 1999 merger, Jersey Standard was known as Exxon and Socony as Mobil. According to the terms of their merger deal, Exxon would acquire Mobil, change its name to ExxonMobil, and promote Mobil's CEO to vice chairman of the organization.

Founded: August 5, 1882
Headquarters: Spring, Texas, U.S.
Website: https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/

The American global energy company Chevron Corporation specializes mostly in oil and gas. The Standard Oil Company of California, sometimes known as Socal or CalSo, is the second-largest direct descendant of Standard Oil. Its headquarters are in San Ramon, California, and it operates in more than 180 nations. Chevron is vertically integrated within the oil and gas industry and is involved in hydrocarbon exploration, production, refining, marketing, and transportation, as well as the production and sale of chemicals and electricity.

Chevron may trace its roots to a group of small oil companies in California that Standard Oil purchased in the 1870s and combined to form Standard Oil of California. After Standard Oil split up, the firm expanded quickly on its own through partnerships and acquisitions both inside and outside of California.

Eventually, it became one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the world's petroleum sector from the middle of the 1940s through the 1970s. Socal amalgamated with Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil in 1985, changing its name to Chevron. In 2001, the newly combined business merged with Texaco. Currently, Chevron produces and sells petrochemicals, lubricants, additives, and fuels largely in Western North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Southeast Asia, South Korea, and Australia. In the United States, the company produced 791,000 barrels of net oil equivalent per day on average in 2018.

Founded: September 10, 1879
Headquarters: San Ramon, California, U.S.
Website: https://www.chevron.com/

An international oil and gas corporation with its headquarters in London is called Shell plc. Shell is a publicly traded business with secondary listings on the New York Stock Exchange and Euronext Amsterdam in addition to its principal listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Shell, a key player in big oil, is among the largest corporations in the world across all industries and is the second-largest investor-owned oil and gas business in the world by revenue (behind ExxonMobil). Shell was the ninth-largest corporate emitter of greenhouse gases between 1988 and 2015, taking into account both its own emissions and the emissions of all the fossil fuels it sells.

The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company of the United Kingdom merged to establish Shell in 1907. By 1920, Shell was the biggest oil producer in the world, quickly overtaking American Standard Oil as the company's main rival. In 1929, Shell made its debut in the chemicals sector. From the middle of the 1940s through the middle of the 1970s, the "Seven Sisters" controlled the world's petroleum business. Shell was one of them. The first commercial marine transportation of LNG took place in 1964, with Shell as a partner. The mining business Billiton was purchased by Shell in 1970; it was later sold and is now a part of BHP. In recent years, gas has played a bigger role in Shell's business, and in 2016, Shell purchased BG Group.

Founded: April 1907
Headquarters: Shell Centre, London, England
Website: https://www.shell.com/

The listed subsidiary of the state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), with its headquarters in Beijing's Dongcheng District, PetroChina Corporation Limited is a Chinese oil and gas corporation. The business now produces the most oil and gas in Asia, and in 2006, it ranked second in China in terms of oil production.

The mainland company, which is traded in Hong Kong and New York, declared its intentions to issue stock in Shanghai in November 2007 and later became a component of the SSE 50 Index. PetroChina was listed as the 32nd largest public corporation in the world in the 2020 Forbes Global 2000.

On November 5, 1999, as part of the restructuring of CNPC, PetroChina was founded as a joint stock company with restricted liabilities under the Company Law of the People's Republic of China (the PRC). The majority of CNPC's assets and liabilities related to its businesses in exploration and production, refining and marketing, chemicals, and natural gas were injected into PetroChina as part of the restructuring.

In 2005, a number of institutional investors, including Harvard and Yale, made the decision to sell their Sinopec holdings due to the business's connection to Sudan through its parent company, China Petrochemical Corporation. Since then, Sudan's divestment attempts have continued to be focused on PetroChina. Following criticism from activist organizations, Fidelity Investments also declared in a US filing that it had sold 91% of its American depositary receipts in PetroChina during the first quarter of 2007.

Founded: 5 November 1999
Headquarters: Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
Website: http://www.petrochina.com.cn/ptr/

With 58 GW of total generating capacity, 24 GW of which came from fossil fuels, revenues of more than $18 billion in 2020, and 14,900 people spread across the US and Canada, NextEra Energy, Inc. is an American energy corporation. According to market capitalization, it is the biggest holding corporation for an electric utility. Its subsidiaries include Gulf Power Company, NextEra Energy Partners, Florida Power & Light (FPL), NextEra Energy Services, and NextEra Energy Resources (NEER).

The largest of the subsidiaries, FPL, is the third-largest electric utility provider in the US, providing rate-regulated power to over 5 million customer accounts, or an estimated 10 million people, spread throughout nearly half of Florida. NEER is the largest producer of wind and solar energy worldwide, along with its related companies.

NextEra Energy Resources also owns and manages producing facilities that use oil, natural gas, and nuclear power in addition to wind and solar electricity. As of 2020, about 41% of NextEra Energy's generating capacity came from non-renewable sources, including fossil fuels. On the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest American corporations by revenue, the company came in at number 167.

Founded: 1984
Headquarters: Juno Beach, Florida, U.S.
Website: https://www.nexteraenergy.com/

One of the seven supermajor oil companies, TotalEnergies SE, is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum firm that was created in 1924. Its operations span the whole oil and gas value chain, from the exploration and extraction of crude oil and natural gas through the creation of electricity, the movement of petroleum products across international borders, and the marketing of those products. Additionally, TotalEnergies produces chemicals on a huge scale.

The headquarters of TotalEnergies are located in Courbevoie, west of Paris, in the Tour Total in the La Défense neighborhood. A part of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index is the firm. It was listed as the 29th-largest public firm in the world in the 2020 Forbes Global 2000 and was furthermore listed as the 25th-largest company overall on the Fortune Global 500.

Founded: 28 March 1924
Headquarters: Tour Total, Courbevoie, France
Website: https://totalenergies.com/

An American multinational firm involved in the production and exploration of hydrocarbons is called ConocoPhillips Company. Its headquarters are in Houston, Texas, in the Energy Corridor neighborhood.

The company operates in 15 nations and will produce in the following locations: the United States (49% of 2019 production), Norway (10% of 2019 production), Canada (5% of 2019 production), Australia (12% of 2019 production), Indonesia (4% of 2019 production), Malaysia (4% of 2019 production), Libya (3% of 2019 production), China (3% of 2019 production), and Qatar (6% of 2019 production).

Alaska, the Eagle Ford Group, the Permian Basin, the Bakken Formation, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Anadarko Basin were among the U.S. regions where the corporation produced. In Alaska, where it has operations in the Cook Inlet Area, the Alpine oil field off the Colville River, the Kuparuk oil field, and the Prudhoe Bay oil field on the Alaska North Slope, the business produces about a third of its U.S. output there.

In terms of proved reserves, the company possessed 5,262 million barrels of oil equivalent (3.2191010 GJ) as of December 31, 2019, of which 50% were petroleum, 37% were natural gas, 8% were natural gas liquids, and 5% were bitumen.

Founded: 30 August 2002
Headquarters: Houston Energy CorridorHouston, Texas, U.S.
Website: https://www.conocophillips.com/

Battery manufacturer LG Energy Solution Ltd. is based in Seoul, South Korea. Along with CATL, Panasonic, SK Innovation, and Samsung SDI, LGES is one of the biggest battery manufacturers in the world.

Following LG Group Chairman Koo Bon-moo's 1992 visit to the UK Atomic Energy Authority, LG Chem established a battery company. Koo collected rechargeable battery samples after the visit and started looking into the new technology. In 1999, LG Chem created the country of Korea's first lithium-ion battery, and in the late 2000s, it started supplying GM's Chevrolet Volt with car batteries. Later, the business started supplying batteries to major automakers like Ford, Chrysler, Audi, Renault, Volvo, and SAIC Motor.

To meet the rising demand from international automakers, LG Chem declared in September 2020 that it would split off its battery business. In December 2020, LG Chem's battery division formally split off as a separate corporation and changed its name to LG Energy Solution Ltd. It then went through an IPO procedure to raise money to expand its battery production capacity, and it had its market debut on the Korea Exchange in January 2022. According to the SNE study, LG Energy Solution will be placed second globally in the first half of 2022 with a market share of 14%.

Founded: December 1, 2020
Headquarters: Seoul, South Korea
Website: https://www.lgensol.com/en/index

Sinopec, also known as China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, is an oil and gas company with its headquarters in Beijing. In addition to trading in Shanghai, it is listed in Hong Kong.

The parent company of Sinopec Limited, Sinopec Group, is the largest oil refining, gas, and petrochemical conglomerate in the world, with headquarters in Beijing's Chaoyang District.

The company's activities also include the storage and pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the import, export, and import/export agency business of crude oil, natural gas, refined oil products, petrochemicals, and other chemicals. Sinopec also engages in the exploration, refining, and marketing of oil and gas. From used vegetable oil, it also creates ethanol and a number of biofuels, including biodiesel and green jet fuel.

Founded: 25 February 2000
Headquarters: Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Website: http://www.sinopec.com/listco/en/