The British game of "rounders" served as the inspiration for baseball, which is sometimes referred to as America's national pastime. In the 1700s, children predominantly played rounders, a simpler variation of cricket, in Britain and the British colonies in North America (and later in the United States in the 1800s). Additionally, it was referred to as "baseball." A variation is known as "town ball" was played by adults in various colonies, including Massachusetts. All of these pick-up games had a pitcher throwing a ball, an opponent hitting it with a stick or bat, and a batter attempting to advance to one or more bases. Fielders "put out" runners by throwing the ball at them; this is referred to as "soaking." There were few, if any, set regulations for the game, and decisions about the number of players on a team, the number of bases, and the separations between bases were frequently left to regional custom or pre-game discussions.

In 1820, Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. was born. His father was a maritime trader in New York City, and he was one of seven children. Children of Esther Rebecca Cartwright and Alexander Cartwright Sr. were reared in the city. He worked as a bank clerk after dropping out of school at the age of 16. Later, he also joined the volunteer fire department. He enjoyed playing bat and ball sports in the streets and neighborhood parks during his free time. A social club was first established by his friends, many of whom worked as volunteer firefighters with him at Oceana Hose Company No.36, as a way to unwind after arduous shifts. To distinguish it from the "Massachusetts game" of "town ball," their pastime became known as the "New York game." By the early 1940s, he and his group of neighborhood volunteer firefighters had established their baseball team, the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York City. It bears the name of the Knickerbocker Engine Company of Manhattan.

In September 1845, the club drafted a formal constitution, and Cartwright was named secretary and vice-president. Cartwright took the initiative to recommend to the other Knickerbocker Club members that they record the rules for the game they played, one of the interesting facts about Alexander Cartwright. The game's customs have previously only been passed down verbally and never in writing. Four members, including Cartwright, decided on the 14 written regulations. The biggest regulations were necessary because of Madison Square's size, which was where the Knickerbocker Club played the most frequently.

A rule defined fair and foul zone and did away with the cricket-specific circular field. The bases were established in the shape of a diamond, spaced 90 feet apart, and limited to four (including home plate) by the club members. Because they saw it as impolite and un-manly, soaking was also prohibited by Cartwright and the other Knickerbocker rule-makers. The more polite methods of retiring a runner—tagging them with the ball or getting the ball to a base before they got there—became the norm.

Later, Cartwright was credited for enacting two other significant rule modifications: limiting the number of players to nine on each side and establishing a nine-inning game. However, experts on baseball history question whether Cartwright and the other Knickerbocker rule creators should truly be given the credit for these inventions. The Knickerbockers often fielded eight players during their first few seasons, including a pitcher, catcher, three infielders (one at each base), three outfielders, and a pitcher. They utilized 9, 10, or even 12 players in previous games.

It wasn't until 1849 that the shortstop position was created when it became necessary to relay throws from the outfield to the infield. (At the time, the ball used was so light that players could not throw it from the outfield in a single throw.) The decision to play nine innings was made by a convention of baseball players in 1857; before that, the game was often won by the first team to score 21 runs.

The Knickerbockers started promoting their games after deciding on its regulations. The New York Nine was their first opposition. The first official baseball game was played on June 19, 1846, at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey, after the teams crossed the Hudson River from Manhattan. Cartwright, who claimed to be among the finest Knickerbocker players in his journal, sat out the opening match. Instead, he played the role of an umpire and assessed a six-cent fee to each participant who cursed. Ironically, the Knickerbockers lost the match using the rules they created by a resounding 23 to 1 margin.

For four more years, Cartwright was a member of the Knickerbockers, who participated in several additional contests against the New York Nine and other neighborhood teams. There are no records of the matches or Cartwright's performance. Baseball quickly became a popular hobby for many young New York men thanks to Cartwright and the other Knickerbockers. In those days, it was mostly played by clerks, attorneys, doctors, and businessmen who had time to play after work in the late evenings rather than industrial workers who had no time or stamina after working 12-hour or longer days.

After hearing about the gold finds in California, Cartwright, along with countless other Americans, had a severe case of gold fever by early 1949. He left New York on March 1 and would never come back. He transported the game of baseball around the nation on foot, in a wagon, and by rail. Similar to the fabled Johnny Appleseed, Cartwright planted seeds for the sport that had taken up in a few eastern cities. One of his stops was Cincinnati, which would later become an important part of the National League after its founding in 1876. He traveled across the Great Plains, passing through several communities where he instructed locals in baseball. He landed in San Francisco in August, but the major gold rush had already passed.

Cartwright stayed in San Francisco for six weeks in the hopes that he might still find some gold. He contributed to the development of baseball in that city at that time. He ultimately decided to go across the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans aboard a ship to return to New York. But he became unwell and was forced to land in Hawaii, which was then called the Sandwich Islands. An intriguing detail about Alexander Cartwright is that he did not get wealthy during the Gold Rush and carried on to Hawaii, which is one of the interesting facts about Alexander Cartwright.

After getting well, Cartwright developed a passion for the islands. He started organizing neighborhood leagues and instructing the islanders how to play baseball. His efforts led to Honolulu's establishment of baseball long before it reached other towns like Detroit and Chicago.

Cartwright moved there after his Gold Rush adventure and invited his family to join him. His family, which included his wife Eliza, DeWitt, Mary, and Catherine, came in 1851. In Hawaii, he and Eliza welcomed two more boys, Bruce and Alexander III. Here, he established the Honolulu Fire Department and led the department for 10 years. Cartwright established a variety of enterprises, amassed riches, and rose to prominence in his community. He became Hawaii's counselor to King David and Queen Emma. He also held several government jobs and was instrumental in establishing the island's hospital and library systems. Additionally, he put a lot of effort into promoting women's access to libraries.

The effort to elect Cartwright to the Baseball Hall of Fame was followed by 20 years of dispute. Baseball historians and sports figures disagreed on whether Alexander Cartwright qualified as one of the game's founders even though he had died decades previously. For instance, the Mills Commission recognized Abner Doubleday as baseball's creator.

The discussion was reignited by a newspaper item that was found in 2004. The report showed that the regulations ascribed to their club were ones they had brought over from their time with the Gotham Club, according to Knickerbocker co-founder William R. Wheaton. Baseball in the Garden of Eden: The Secret History of the Early Game, written by John Thorn, might be viewed as an expose to the origins of baseball. The author of the book explains why and how early baseball greats like Cartwright could not have been eligible for the Hall of Fame.

Regardless of the controversy's origins, Alexander Cartwright was advocated for inclusion by a lot of baseball fans and sports analysts. Alexander Cartwright's entry into the exclusive group of baseball greats in 1938 is a noteworthy fact.

Cartwright passed just six months before the Hawaiian royal family was deposed. Lorrin A. Cartwright passed just six months before the Hawaiian royal family was deposed. Lorrin A. Thurston, a played baseball with classmate Alexander Cartwright III at Punahou School, assisted in organizing the uprising that overthrew the monarchy. Numerous government representatives and well-known locals paid tribute to Alexander Cartwright after his death on July 12, 1892, and he was laid to rest in the Oahu Cemetery. Baseball greats like Babe Ruth, who paid a visit to his grave in 1934, used it as a touchstone. Many fans still put baseballs, hats, and gloves on Cartwright's grave in place of the customary floral offerings.

After his death, he appeared in many books to commemorate him as a legend of the baseball village. In 2009, he was the subject of two biographies. The most well-known ballpark in Honolulu, Makiki Field, was renamed Cartwright Field in 1938, and Hawaii annually awards the Cartwright Cup to the state's top high school baseball team. In his 1947 book Bat, Ball, and Bishop, New York City librarian Robert W. Henderson described Cartwright's contributions to baseball. The Man Who Invented Baseball, written by Harold Peterson in 1973, was about Cartwright. In 2009, two biographies about him were published. Live All You Can by Jay Martin: Alexander While Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by Monica Nucciarone acknowledges Cartwright as one of the game's pioneers but not its only originator, Joy Cartwright & the Invention of Modern Baseball confirms Cartwright's claim that he invented baseball.