Tetra Pak was founded in 1951 in the Swedish city of Lund by Ruben Rausing as a subsidiary of Akerlund Rausing. The first Tetra Pak equipment producing tetrahedron-shaped cartons – a product for which the company is famous – was brought to the Lund dairy a year later, and cream packing in 100m cartons began in November, before the company constituted itself as a separate entity.

Tetra Pak became a subsidiary once again when it founded Tetra Laval, a new parent company. This resulted from the company's 1993 acquisition of Alfa Laval, one of the world's major providers of food-processing equipment and facilities. The company is most known for inventing and manufacturing tetrahedron beverage packaging. It's built in a pyramid form to make drinking goods easier to obtain for customers, who merely have to tear it apart.

Filing and processing devices are also available for the dairy, beverage, cheese, ice cream, and prepared food industries. It also makes distribution equipment such accumulators, cap applicators, conveyors, crate packers, film wrappers, and line controllers.

Tetra Pak is led by Adolfo Orive, who has been in charge since 2019. Tetra Pak employs 25,555 employees across 30 packaging materials facilities. Tetra Pak as a subsidiary had net revenues of $13.9 billion in the fiscal year 2019/20, according to the company's annual report.

Founded: 1943
Headquarters: Pully, Switzerland
Revenue: 11.5 billion EUR (2019)
Website: https://www.tetrapak.com/en-vn

The forestry industry in Finland gave birth to UPM-Kymmene, which began operations in the early 1870s with the group's first mechanical pulp mill, paper mills, and sawmills. It began pulp production in the 1880s, paper converting in the 1920s, and plywood manufacture in the decade after that.

The Kymmene Corporation and Repola with its subsidiary United Mills announced a merger in autumn 1995, and UPM-Kymmene began operations in May 1996. Pulp packaging, timber products, plywood, speciality and communication paper, and on-pack labeling are the company's main goods. Furthermore, it is active in the biofuels and energy industries.

The corporation, which is headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, employs 18,700 individuals who work in 12 countries and sell their products on six continents.

Jussi Pesonen is the current CEO of UPM-Kymmene, which had revenues of €10.2 billion ($12.3 billion) in 2019.

Founded: May 1, 1996

Headquarters: Helsinki, Finland

Revenue: 8.58 billion EUR (2020)

Website: https://www.upm.com/

Stora Enso, a fellow Scandinavian paperboard packaging behemoth, was formed in 1998 when Swedish mining and forestry products firm Stora and Finnish forestry products company Enso-Gutzeit Oy merged. The corporation extended its activities in the early years after the merger by purchasing wood products businesses in Europe and, with the acquisition of Consolidated Paper, North America.

The company is well known for producing pulp, paper, and corrugated packaging, but it is also active in wooden construction and biomaterials. Building, retail, food and beverage, manufacturing, publishing, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, confectionery, hygiene, and textiles are just a few of the industries in which it is involved.

Its headquarters are in Helsinki, Finland's capital, and the company today employs over 26,000 employees in more than 50 locations. Annica Bresky, a Swede, is the current CEO of Stora Enso, a firm with net sales of $11.8 billion in 2019.

Founded: December 1998
Headquarters: Helsinki, Finland
Revenue: 8.553 billion EUR (2020)
Website: https://www.storaenso.com/en/

Smurfit Kappa was founded in the Dublin district of Rathmines as a maker of cardboard packing boxes, and is now led by CEO Anthony Smurfit. It was purchased by Jefferson Smurfit in 1938, and the company became the Jefferson Smurfit Group (JSG), which grew to become one of the main industrial enterprises in the newly founded Republic of Ireland. The company proceeded to expand globally, purchasing a 40% investment in Time Industries, a Chicago-based paper and packaging manufacturer, until obtaining 100% ownership in 1977.

Jefferson Smurfit died the following year, followed by his son Sir Michael Smurfit in 1977. JSG was ranked the number one firm in the world by profits growth by Forbes magazine eight years later. JSG was purchased out by Madison Dearborn, a Chicago-based private investment group, in 2002, with Sir Michael stepping down as CEO the same year. Three years later, the Irish company announced a merger with Kappa Packaging, a Dutch packaging company, to form Smurfit Kappa in December of that year.

The firm, which had $10.5 billion in revenue in 2019, employs 46,000 workers in 33 countries across the world.

Founded: December 2005

Headquarters: Dublin, Ireland
Revenue: 8.53 billion EUR (2020)
Website: https://www.smurfitkappa.com/

Ardagh Group, the world's largest glass packaging firm by revenue, has $8.6 billion in revenue in 2019. The Irish Glass Bottle Company was formed in Dublin in 1932, and after Irish millionaire Paul Coulson bought a part in the company in 1998, it became Ardagh Group. The company bought metal packaging manufacturer Impress Group for €1.7 billion ($2 billion) and Fi Par for €125 million ($152 million) in 2011 and went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2017.

The company is well known for its glass packaging, which it now manufactures for the beer, beverage, wine, food, spirit, cider, and non-alcoholic beverage industries. It also works in the metal can manufacturing industry, supplying markets in Europe and North America. Ardagh Group is headquartered in Luxembourg and employs over 16,000 people across 12 manufacturing plants in 12 countries.

Paul Coulson, the company's chairman and CEO, has been the company's chairman since 1998, when he bought an interest in the company.

Founded: 1932

Headquarters: Luxembourg
Revenue: 7.646 billion EUR (2016)
Website: https://www.ardaghgroup.com/