Al-Khwarizmi

Al-Khwarizmi, another well-known individual from the Islamic Golden Age, is mostly unknown to us now despite having made some of the most important scientific discoveries. Despite the fact that his name continues to be associated with modern mathematics in more ways than one—the word "algorithm" is derived from his then-Latinized name and "algebra" from one of his works.

Born in the year 780, Khwarizmi performed the most of his scientific work directly under the direction of the caliph in Baghdad. Khwarazm is currently a part of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. He was in charge of creating the 10-digit Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which is the one we all use today. His book on elementary algebra was the first work in the field of mathematics to specify solutions to equations based on geometrical ideas, and it served as the foundation for nearly all modern advanced scientific and math fields.

Born: c. 780
Died: After 847 (aged c. 70)

Notable ideas: Treatises on algebra and Hindu–Arabic numeral system