Attack of the Romans in 146 BC

After the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC, the Romans took over the Greek landmass. At that period, Macedonia became part of the Roman Empire. While some Greeks managed to survive with only partial freedom, many others gave up. The Kingdom of Pergamon came under Roman control in 133 BC, and it was decided that Pergamon would be divided among Rome, Pontus, and Cappadocia. King Attalus III had left all of his territories to the Romans in his will.

Athens staged an uprising in 88 BC, following the example of other Greek cities, but the Roman general Sulla triumphed, crushing all of their aspirations to become independent. The territory was continually being destroyed by Roman common warfare until 27 BC, when Augustus designated the area as Achaea. Following this, the Romans began to invest heavily in rebuilding the destroyed urban communities. Athens flourished as the center of theory and learning while Corinth was designated as the new territory's capital