Diarrhea

Cholera-related diarrhea appears rapidly and can result in severe fluid loss of up to a quart (approximately 1 liter) each hour. Cholera diarrhea has a light, milky look that resembles water that has been washed with rice. Cholera is a toxin-producing single-celled bacterium. The toxin binds to ion receptors in the small intestine, causing it to release chloride ions into the lumen. This causes water to enter the colon via osmosis (since the salt content is now greater), causing diarrhea and dehydration.

While the majority of those infected have little or no symptoms, around one in ten will develop more serious symptoms. Vomiting, muscular cramps, and copious watery diarrhea are among the most significant symptoms. Without treatment, body fluid loss can result in severe dehydration and even death.