HEMU-430X

High-Speed Electric Multiple Unit 430 km/h eXperimental, or HEMU-430X, is a South Korean high-speed train with a 430 km/h top speed (267 mph). After France, Japan, and China, South Korea became the fourth nation in the world to construct a high-speed train that can travel above 420 km/h on March 31, 2013, when it exceeded 421.4 km/h during a test run.

Distributed traction is the key innovation of the train as compared to earlier South Korean high-speed trains. The EMU-260 (formally known as "Eum" as of October 2022) and EMU-320 commercial versions of the trains were shipped to Korail between 2020 and 2021.

The 6-car HEMU-400X is equipped with distributed traction, meaning that all four intermediate cars' axles are powered, as opposed to the articulated passenger coaches between traction heads of the KTX-I, HSR-350x, and KTX-II trains. The experimental train's trailing end driving trailer was converted into a powered car in the comprehensive designs published in October 2010, departing from the intended commercial design. The goal is to create and test both asynchronous induction motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors in the train, much to JR East's Fastech 360 program.

Country: South Korea

Speed: 267 mph