Horn Shark

The Horn Shark, scientifically known as Heterodontus francisci, is a fascinating and unique species that belongs to the family Heterodontidae. These sharks are commonly found in the eastern Pacific Ocean, from southern California to the Gulf of California, demonstrating a preference for rocky or sandy seabeds along coastal areas. Named for the horn-like projections on their dorsal fins, Horn Sharks are distinctive members of the elasmobranch family, known for their peculiar features and behaviors.

Measuring an average of three to four feet in length, the Horn Shark possesses a stout body with a broad head and a pair of prominent dorsal fins. Its coloration, featuring a mix of brown and gray with scattered dark spots, serves as effective camouflage against the rocky ocean floor. However, the most notable characteristic of the Horn Shark is its dorsal spines – one larger spine in front of each dorsal fin and a smaller spine behind each. These spines contribute to its colloquial name and play a role in deterring potential predators.

Horn Sharks are known for their unique dentition, setting them apart from many other shark species. Their name "Heterodontus" translates to "different teeth," reflecting the fact that they have distinct types of teeth in their jaws. Toward the front, Horn Sharks have sharp, pointed teeth for seizing and holding prey, while the back teeth are flattened for crushing hard-shelled invertebrates like crabs and snails. This dental adaptation reflects their diverse diet, which includes a variety of small fishes, crustaceans, and mollusks.

These nocturnal predators are primarily solitary, spending their days resting on the ocean floor and becoming more active at night when they embark on hunting forays. Their relatively small home ranges contribute to their sedentary lifestyle, with Horn Sharks often returning to the same resting spots.