Legio IX Hispana

The Legion IX Hispana is also considered one of the oldest units in the ancient Roman Legions. Its first mention comes from 58 BC when the legion took part in Caesar's Gallic campaign, but it was probably founded earlier. While in Gaul, the Legion IX Hispana fought a number of battles, most notably against Nervii. Caesar was particularly impressed by the legionnaires' bravery in action. After the outbreak of the civil war, Legio IX Hispana fought against Pompey's forces at Ilerda, and in the decisive battle at Pharsalus. The legion was probably foretold during their time in Spain, where they took part in the large-scale campaign against the Cantabrians.

In 43 AD, the unit was moved north to participate in the conquest of England. That's where the Legion IX Hispana will gain its fame (or notoriety). Around the 120s, the legion suddenly disappeared from all Roman military records. It is possible that the unit perished in the battles on the northern border. Furthermore, its loss may have forced Emperor Hadrian to build the famous wall. However, more recent studies have shown that in 121, the Legion IX Hispana was stationed at Nijmegen. After this point, the legion disappears from all sources. The list of legions from the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180) does not mention the Legion IX Hispana. This fact indicates the destruction of the unit before or during his reign.