Marshall oversaw the Marbury vs Madison ruling

When John Marshall served as Chief Justice, he supervised a number of notable improvements. When he was in charge of the Marbury v. Madison made one of his most important contributions.Marshall had failed to present 42 federal justices of the peace with commissions before the end of Adams's term in office as Secretary of State. Even though the Senate had approved these people's nominations, the Jefferson administration essentially prevented them from getting their appointments after taking office by refusing to deliver nearly half of these unfulfilled commissions.

Despite the fact that the post of justice of the peace had little authority and paid little, William Marbury, whose commission had not been given, chose to sue the Jefferson administration. Marbury sued James Madison, the current secretary of state, in an effort to have his judicial commission delivered. In its 1803 term, the Supreme Court decided to take up the Marbury v. Madison case. The Midnight Judges Act was effectively repealed by the Democratic-Republicans' passage of the Judiciary Act of 1802, which also ended the 1802 term of the Supreme Court.

A renowned Federalist federal judge named John Pickering was also the target of their impeachment efforts; in retaliation, Federalist members of Congress charged the Democratic-Republicans with attempting to limit the independence of the federal court. Because it was the first time the Supreme Court declared a statute passed by Congress to be unconstitutional, the case is frequently regarded as one of the most significant in American history. As a result, the Supreme Court served as the third arm of the American government, checking the laws that were decided by Congress.