Roman Legionary

One of the most well-known representations of ancient conflict is the Roman soldier, or "legionarius," standing with his lorica segmentata on. Depending on the time period, they had different weapons and roles, such as republican or imperial soldiers. The armor and weapons used by a late imperial soldier would have varied greatly, ranging from the early Clipeus (a shield resembling a Greek shield) and hasta (a spear) to the renowned scutum and gladius.

Roman legionaries were professionally educated and disciplined foot soldiers who fought as a part of the legion (Latin: legio), which was created by the Marian Reforms. Roman armor and weapons remained straightforward: a cuirass, a spear, a sword, a shield, and a helmet. However, there were significant tactical modifications throughout the closing years of the Roman Republic and the early years of the Roman Empire.

Conscription remained an option in times of emergency, although recruitment was primarily voluntary, and military duty lasted for 16 years (later extended to 20, then 25). The living circumstances were frequently exceedingly harsh, and discipline was strictly enforced. The compensation was good, though, and those who were dismissed with honor were given a one-time sum of money and a piece of land in appreciation for their service.