She was well educated

It is a fact that she was well educated. Cleopatra VII was born in early 69 BC to Ptolemaic pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes and an unknown mother, most likely Ptolemy XII's sister-wife Cleopatra V Tryphaena, who was also the mother of Cleopatra's older sister, Berenice IV. Her father was known as an arrogant ruler who lived a lavish lifestyle while causing dynastic strife with the banishment of Cleopatra V from the palace in late 69 BC (a few months after the birth of Cleopatra VII). During his wife's more than decade-long absence, his three younger children (Cleopatra's sister Arsinoe IV and brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV) were born.


Philostratos, her childhood tutor, taught her the Greek techniques of oration and philosophy. Cleopatra apparently studied in the Musaeum (including the Library of Alexandria) during her youth and composed Greek medical works, maybe inspired by the physicians at her father's royal court. Examples of powerful, inspirational royal female predecessors (some of whom lived long before the Ptolemaic dynasty) such as Sobekneferu, Hatshepsut, and Nefertiti were available to her in historical documents preserved by the 3rd-century BC Ptolemaic-era native Egyptian historian Manetho.


Ptolemaic pharaohs were anointed at Memphis by Egyptian priests of Ptah but lived in the multicultural and predominantly Greek metropolis of Alexandria, built by Alexander the Great of Macedon. They only spoke Greek and ruled Egypt as Hellenistic Greek monarchs, refusing to learn Egyptian. By maturity, Cleopatra could understand and speak a variety of languages, including Egyptian, Ethiopian, Trogodyte, Hebrew (or Aramaic), Arabic, Syrian (possibly Syriac), Median, Parthian, and Latin, but her Roman colleagues would have preferred to converse with her in her native Koine Greek. Aside from the three languages, she was known to be able to read and write in, Greek, Egyptian, and Latin, these languages reflected Cleopatra's expansionist territorial ambitions and desire to reclaim African and Asian lands lost to the Ptolemaic Empire.

Cleopatra's Family Tree -Photo: thoughtco.com
Cleopatra's Family Tree -Photo: thoughtco.com
Photo: blog.oup.com
Photo: blog.oup.com

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