The conservation also faced many challenges

There have been issues notwithstanding India's considerable achievement in increasing its tiger population. Tigers have been reproducing, but some conservationists are concerned that they aren't spreading out enough into new areas. Running out of space can lead to conflict between tigers and people in addition to problems with their other tigers. A single male tiger may need a territory that is nearly 40 square miles (100 square km) in size.

Roads, railroads, farms, logging, and other forms of human activity are fragmenting tiger habitats at an increasing rate, which leads to more cats preying on livestock or otherwise coming into conflict with people. This has hindered the success of India's tiger conservation efforts along with continuous poaching and the extinction of prey species, yet experts still find reasons for optimism.

According to noted tiger expert Ullas Karanth, India now has enough linked forest cover to maintain a population of 10,000-15,000 Bengal tigers, if prey species can recover and humans can be kept out.