Umayyad Mosque

The Umayyad Mosque in Syria, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, is not only one of the world's oldest and largest mosques, but it is also Islam's fourth holiest place. After the Muslims conquered Damascus in 634 AD, the mosque was built on top of a basilica dedicated to St John the Baptist. Umayyad Mosque is also one of the most beautiful historical sites in Syria.

According to mythology, the saint's head resides somewhere within the mosque, according to a 6th-century legend. If you can't identify the relic during your visit, you can undoubtedly find Saladin's mausoleum in a tiny garden adjacent to the north wall.

Today, admission to this lovely Islamic landmark is free, but be warned that you must be dressed modestly to attend (for women, that means covering shoulders and hair). Because this popular holy site can become overcrowded, the best time to visit is early in the morning or later in the night when the mosque is lit up against the night sky.