Under Claudius, the Empire had its first major expansion since Augustus' reign

One of the most interesting facts about Claudius is that under Claudius, the Empire had its first major expansion since Augustus' reign. During his reign, the regions of Thrace, Noricum, Lycia, and Judea were annexed under various circumstances. Caligula's annexation of Mauretania was completed following the defeat of rebel forces and the official split of the former client kingdom into two Imperial provinces. Britannia was the most far-reaching conqueror.

Following an appeal from an evicted tribal ally, Claudius dispatched Aulus Plautius with four legions to Britain (Britannia) in 43. Britain was an appealing target for Rome due to its tangible wealth - mines and slaves - as well as its status as a safe sanctuary for Gallic rebels. Claudius personally traveled to the island once the initial offensives were completed, bringing soldiers and elephants with him. The Roman Colonia Claudia Victricensis was constructed in Camulodunum as the provincial capital of the newly established province of Britannia, and a huge temple was dedicated in his honor.

He left after 16 days but stayed in the provinces for a while longer. The Senate rewarded him for his efforts. Only members of the Imperial family were permitted to receive such honors, although Claudius later relaxed this requirement for some of his conquering generals. He was bestowed with the title "Britannicus," but only accepted it on behalf of his son, never using it himself. Claudius granted clemency to the captive British general Caractacus in 50. Caractacus died on territory donated by the Roman government, an unusual end for an enemy general.