What Exactly Happens Inside An Atom?

Since the atom was initially discovered almost 200 years ago, numerous well-known scientists have made significant contributions to our understanding of it. We are aware of its overall layout because of them. All atoms are composed of a mostly empty nucleus with protons and neutrons, as well as an outer shell that contains electrons.

Since there are still many unanswered concerns regarding how the protons and neutrons operate inside the nucleus, that is also its most enigmatic aspect. In spite of the fact that all protons should be exactly the same size, experiments have revealed that protons and neutrons in heavier elements appear to be larger than those in lower ones. This phenomenon is known as the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect, but it is still unclear if it is merely a measurement error on our part or a brand-new subatomic phenomenon that we haven't yet identified.