Cars drive on the left
It's a great basic one, but it's easy to overlook. Driving on the left side of the road is required under Australian law. It would be lovely if the world could reach an agreement on this, but if humans are excellent at anything, it's being obstinate.
If you've ever wondered why Australia drives on the left, the solution is really rather fascinating. Because Australia was founded as a British colony, many of its laws were influenced by the British. When roads became more frequent in the United Kingdom, you never knew who you'd run into. This is why you wanted your right hand (your sword hand) to be free and available, which is why you drove (or, more precisely, rode your horse) on the left.
Driving is extremely widespread in Australia because public transportation isn't always the greatest, however, this varies depending on the city. So, when driving, remember to keep left – which is simple if you're from the UK. And, if you're out walking, make sure to glance right before crossing. To be extra cautious, check both directions multiple times before crossing - something you should be doing normally. It is one of the things about Australia you should know before traveling.