Cilo-Sat Mountain Range

The Cilo-Sat mountains, located in Turkey's southeastern Hakkari province, are the eastern extension of the Toros (Taurus) mountain chain, which runs from west to east along the country's southern borders. The mountain range is located in the western part of the Himalayan mountain belt. The Uludoruk summit, at 4136 meters, is the highest in the Cilo mountains; Catalkaya (Samdi), at 3794 meters, is the highest in the Sat mountains.

The Cilo-Sat mountains, which resemble the Alps in general appearance and glacier topography, are the glacier-affected areas of Turkey. The mountains' high altitudes attest to the effects of glacial formation and water erosion. The largest of the ten glaciers, Izbirak, measures five kilometers in length and 500-600 meters in width. It has a depth of up to 100 meters.

A wide arid expanse stretches across the mountain range's southern base. The highlands, on the other hand, receive a lot of rain during the winter. Between crests and summits, fertile green valleys dotted with rural settlements enjoy a temperate climate ideal for wine and fruit agriculture. Alpine meadows cover the mountain slopes above the low valleys at altitudes ranging from 2000 to 3100 meters. Domestic animal herds graze on these pastures, which serve as the region's primary economic activity.

Height: 4,134 m

Location: Hakkari, Turkey