Nearly all the ingredients in COVID-19 vaccines are also ingredients in many foods – fats, sugars, and salts.

The precise vaccination components differ depending on the manufacturer. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is also included in the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines, while the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen COVID-19 vaccination contains a harmless variant of a virus unrelated to the virus that causes COVID-19. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine contains harmless fragments (proteins) of the virus that causes COVID-19; they are fragments of what is commonly referred to as the "spike protein".

These direct cells in your body to produce an immunological response. This reaction will help you from being ill with COVID-19 in the future. When the body creates an immune response, it discards all vaccination components in the same way that it discards any information that cells no longer require. This is a typical element of the body's functioning. Preservatives, tissues (including aborted fetal cells), antibiotics, dietary proteins, medications, latex, or metals are not included in COVID-19 vaccinations.