Tattooing

Tattooing, or tatau, has long been defined by rank and title in Samoa, with chiefs and their assistants descended from notable families in the proper birth order. The Samoan tatau is thought to have been introduced to the Samoan islands by two Fijian women who arrived with tattooing tools and knowledge. Tatau soon became a family tradition that spread throughout the culture. The tattoos and designs of the Samoan islands represent community, power, status, respect, and honor, and are only to be worn by Samoans. Displaying their symbols and designs is an act of disrespect for those who have no cultural influence or heritage background.

The candle nut or lama nut is used to make the ink or pigment used in tatau rituals. These nuts were smolded over a hot fire, and a coconut shell was placed on top to collect the soot produced by the nuts. When there is enough soot, it is mixed with sugar water. Tafuga is the Samoan term for a tattoo artist. Tattooing has traditionally been practiced only by descendants of Tafuga. The father passes on his skills and knowledge to ensure the continuation of the tatau ritual.

Pe'a is a traditional male tattoo design that extends from the waist to the knee. The design is extremely detailed, with a plethora of lines, curves, geometric shapes, and patterns. Each section represents a unique aspect of the person's personality, family, and culture. Tattoos are also popular among Samoan women. The malu is a simpler and more delicate design than the pe'a. Because the design spans from the upper thighs to below the knees, these tattoos are uncommon.